Maleic anhydride grafting is a chemical process where maleic anhydride is chemically attached to a polymer or material, resulting in improved compatibility, enhanced adhesion, functionalization, toughness, impact resistance, compatibilizers for blends, and biocompatibility and biodegradability. This process involves opening the anhydride ring and reacting it with the polymer’s functional groups at high temperatures in the presence of a catalyst. The modified maleic anhydride groups can be further modified to create new functional groups, making the polymer more suitable for specific applications. Grafted polymers may also exhibit improved toughness, impact resistance, thermal stability, compatibilizers for blends, and biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them suitable for medical or environmental applications. Overall, maleic anhydride grafting is a versatile technique used to modify polymers and materials for various industrial applications, utilizing the reactivity of maleic anhydride to tailor the properties of the final product.