When determining the long-term durability and dependability of photovoltaic (PV) modules, one of the most important factors to take into consideration is the modules’ ageing performance. EPE , polyolefin elastomer (POE), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) are the three types of encapsulant films that are most frequently utilised in the photovoltaic (PV) sector. This article presents a full comparative examination of these three compounds. Through an analysis of their qualities, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as performance features, our objective is to evaluate the ageing properties and consequences of these products. For the purpose of providing a comprehensive understanding of the ageing performance of these encapsulant films, this analysis takes into consideration a variety of aspects, including efficiency, durability, cost-effectiveness, and processability.

Encapsulant Film Made of EVA

EVA film is frequently used in photovoltaic modules because of its high optical transparency, processability, and adhesive qualities. EVA may experience degradation over time as a result of exposure to external variables such as ultraviolet radiation, heat, and moisture. This is despite the fact that EVA initially provides effective performance. The ageing of EVA can result in discolouration, decreased transparency, decreased adhesion, and probable delamination, all of which have the potential to have an effect on the module’s long-term performance and reliability.

POE Encapsulant Film

POE film has garnered a lot of attention in the photovoltaic sector due to the fact that it is exceptionally resistant to UV radiation and has good durability over an extended period of time. Even after being subjected to extreme environmental conditions over an extended period of time, POE is able to maintain its mechanical and optical qualities, demonstrating much improved stability. Because of its resistance to degradation, it guarantees that the performance of the module and its lifespan will be preserved over an extended length of time. POE film, on the other hand, might have a somewhat reduced optical transparency in comparison to EVA film, which might have an impact on the amount of light that is transmitted to the solar cells.

EPE Film

EPE film is widely acknowledged for its remarkable cushioning, shock absorption, and thermal insulation capabilities. It is more common for EPE to be utilised as a backsheet material in photovoltaic applications than it is to be used as an encapsulant. It is possible that EPE films have reduced adhesion capabilities in comparison to EVA and POE films, despite the fact that they offer considerable resistance to ageing factors such as high levels of UV radiation and moisture. The specifications and designs of individual modules are what determine whether or not EPE is suitable for use as an encapsulant.

The capacity of encapsulant films to maintain and improve the performance of photovoltaic modules over the course of their operating lifetime is what is meant by the term “efficiency.” Different ageing behaviours are exhibited by EVA, POE, and EPE films, each of which can have an effect on the efficiency of the module. Increasing optical losses, decreased light transmission, and potential-induced degradation (PID) are all possible outcomes that might occur as a consequence of degradation of EVA. POE’s better resistance to ultraviolet light ensures that it will continue to be efficient over time, whereas EPE’s primary function as a backsheet has an indirect impact on module efficiency.

When it comes to the lengthy functioning of photovoltaic modules under a variety of environmental stressors, durability is a very important and critical factor. Yellowing, brittleness, and decreased adhesion are all negative effects that can occur in EVA films as they age, which might potentially result in the failure of the module. As a result of their exceptional resistance to ultraviolet radiation and environmental conditions, POE films provide increased longevity and have the capacity to preserve the integrity of modules. Through the provision of mechanical protection and insulation, EPE films, which are usually utilised as backsheet materials, contribute to the overall durability of the module.

In the process of selecting an encapsulant film, cost-effectiveness is an important factor to take into consideration. EVA films are a well-liked option because they are less expensive than other options and are readily available. Despite the fact that POE films may have a somewhat higher price tag, their better endurance may result in fewer module failures and lower expenses associated with maintenance. Due to the specialised applications that EPE films are used for and the possibility that they would require extra encapsulant materials, the cost implications of using these films may be significant.

The term “processability” refers to the ease with which encapsulant films can be manufactured and handled during the module production process. EVA films have high processability, which makes it simple to laminate them and integrate them with PV cells. There is a high degree of heat stability and processability in POE films, which guarantees that the production operations will go smoothly and effectively. In order to fulfil particular module design requirements, EPE films are designed to be flexible and can be easily moulded or produced if necessary.

In conclusion, the comparative analysis of ageing performance in photovoltaic POE, EPE, and EVA encapsulant films reveals various characteristics, advantages, and limitations within each of these three types of films. Furthermore, the ageing qualities of EVA films may result in a decline in performance, despite the fact that they are routinely utilised. POE films provide superior resistance to ultraviolet light and long-term endurance, hence maintaining the integrity of the module. The overall endurance of the module is improved by the use of EPE films, which are usually employed as backsheet materials. When choosing the most appropriate encapsulant film, it is important to take into consideration factors such as efficiency, durability, cost-effectiveness, and processability. Informed decision-making is made possible by an understanding of the ageing behaviour and ramifications of these films, which also contributes to the development of PV modules that are dependable and maintain their durability over time.