The major goal of POE elastomer’s modification of general-purpose plastics is to investigate its usage as a toughening agent to alter stiff general-purpose plastics, increase their toughness, or enhance the performance of general-purpose polyethylene (PE) via mixing.
1.PE/POE system
The advantages of wood-plastic composite materials, such as their low cost, excellent performance, light weight, and less wear on processing equipment, have garnered a lot of attention in recent years. However, the use and marketing of wood-plastic composites are constrained because thermoplastic composites that have been loaded with wood flour become brittle.
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was filled with waste wood powder, toughened with metallocene polyethylene (mPE) and POE, and the toughening effects of these two tougheners were thoroughly assessed to create the wood-plastic composites. When the two components are combined in quantities greater than 12 parts, the toughening effects of the two are noticeably different, but the impact strength and elongation at break of the composite material toughened with POE increase much more quickly than that of the toughened composite material with mPE. The toughening impact of POE is definitely superior than that of mPE; the toughening effect is quite mild.
Blends of HDPE and POE were investigated for their mechanical and thermal characteristics. The findings of the thermal investigation demonstrated an interaction between HDPE and POE; when the POE level was below 5%, the material was extremely tough at ambient temperature.
With high strength, elasticity, and durability, the foamed material created by POE modified PE may be employed as sticky tape. To 100 parts of a combination comprising 30% POE and 70% Affinity PL 1845, add 30 parts of PE with an ionic structure and 6.5 parts of azodicarbonamide. Extrude the mixture into a sheet and radiate cross-linking at 250°C. The foam sheet, which has a thickness of 1 mm, is robust and possesses bending strengths of 30.2 MPa and 24.3 MPa in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.
Microporous films manufactured from POE/PE composite materials can be utilized for the isolation layer of capacitors, diapers, sanitary napkins, and packaging films.
PP/POE system 2.
We are all aware that polypropylene (PP), a common general-purpose material, has poor low-temperature toughness and high notch sensitivity. Therefore, it has long been believed that toughening and altering elastomers is the most efficient technique to increase the performance of PP. Even though ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) has a good toughening effect on polypropylene (PP), its cost is considerable, the rubber is challenging to crush, and its fluidity is subpar. Since its introduction, POE has unmatched benefits over conventional elastomers in the toughening modification of PP.Not only may POE toughened PP address the drawbacks of EPDM toughened PP, but it can also give PP more toughness, transparency, a superior performance/price ratio, and other qualities. Studies have shown that the toughening effect of POE is superior to that of EPDM for toughening PP, whether it is regular PP, copolymerized PP, or high fluidity PP, and the reduction in flexural modulus and tensile strength is minimal. The toughening impact of POE on PP depends on the amount of octene in the substance. Octene concentration in POE increases along with its flexibility, toughening impact on PP, and decreases in crystallinity, melting temperature, and density.
Commercialized POE is available in granular form, and it may be used directly to modify other materials like PP. As a result, POE is simpler to work with and process than the EPDM rubber modifier, which can significantly lower production costs. It was investigated and the PP/POE blend system was contrasted with the PP/EPDM blend system. The findings indicate that the mechanical characteristics and crystallization behavior of the two mixes are comparable, but that the PP/POE blend has a lower torque and improved processability. POE clearly outperforms EPDM in terms of price and effectiveness as a PP impact modifier.
The study focused on the phase structure, toughening process, and mechanical characteristics of the PP/POE mix system. The study’s findings indicate that, under same circumstances, less POE is added than EPDM, and that, with a POE addition of 20 parts, the blended alloy can transition from brittle to ductile. In the PP/POE blend system, POE creates a consistent “sea-island” structure in the PP continuous phase; this toughening modification of PP corresponds to the silver-grain shear mechanism and may significantly increase the impact strength of PP at room temperature and low temperature.
It was investigated how POE made isotactic polypropylene tougher. The impact strength of the blends grows gradually between 15% and 25% of the POE mass fraction; when the POE mass fraction rises further, the impact strength increases quickly; and at 40% of the POE mass fraction, the impact strength is at its highest. The synergistic effect of the blend’s components led to a considerable increase in impact strength, as demonstrated by morphological and structural analyses, which also revealed that the size of the dispersed phase increased with the rise of POE mass percentage.
3. The general system of plastic, POE, and organic filler
The focus of research and development for the generic plastic/POE system is on how to lower the amount of toughening agent POEto lower costs without lowering the toughening effect. In order to increase or dramatically improve the performance of the product, adding inorganic or organic fillers to the mix can lower the cost of the product’s raw materials. Inorganic additives have reportedly been introduced to the general-purpose plastic/POE blend system in recent years, according to reports
RHDPE was modified with talcum powder and home-made modified POE (MPOE) in order to address the drawbacks of inadequate ring stiffness in pipes constructed from recycled high-density polyethylene (RHDPE), and the effects of the two additives on the mechanical characteristics of the blend system were investigated. effect on performance.
The findings indicate that the system’s overall mechanical qualities are greatest when the mass ratio of RHDPE, MPOE, and talc is 50/10/40. When 40% talcum powder is used, the produced RHDPE pipe has a 54% greater ring stiffness than the unaltered RHDPE pipe. Additionally, they looked at the PVC/MPOE/inorganic filler system’s mechanical characteristics at the same time. The outcomes demonstrated that the highest overall performance of the ternary composite system occurred at a mass fraction of talcum powder or calcium carbonate in the filler masterbatch of 70%.
PP/elastomer and PP/inorganic nanoparticle systems have been researched both domestically and internationally. These two systems’ increased toughness or rigidity comes at the sacrifice of other qualities. Consequently, the growth of elastomers It’s getting more and more popular to do research on the combination of toughening and toughening of inorganic nanoparticles at the same time to create multiphase composite systems of PP/elastomer/inorganic nanoparticles.
High-performance PP/POE/nano kaolin ternary composite material is created using alloying and filling composite technologies.
The research findings reveal that the two distinct toughening effects of elastomer POE and nano-kaolin on the toughening of PP are not simply added together; the ideal concentration of nano-kaolin is 5%, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) The kaolin particles are covered by the matrix and disseminated in the blend matrix in a layered structure, and the interface is strongly bound, as can be shown by looking at the impact section of PP/POE (20%)/nano-kaolin (5%).
After investigating the PP/POE/nano-SiO2 composite material, it has been determined that the melt blending process evenly disperses POE and SiO2 in the PP matrix. The best performance of the composite material occurs at a PP/POE/nano-SiO2 ratio of 100/15/4. Although the dispersion of nano-SiO2 particles in PP takes the form of particle aggregates, it is smaller than the critical particle size and is comparable to the size of its own secondary particles. When struck, it thereby absorbs energy and prevents crack development, increasing the material’s quality. toughness.
The impact strength of the PP/elastomer/nano-CaCO3 composite material was examined, and it was discovered that POE had a stronger toughening effect than HDPE, but the tensile strength of the material declined when the elastomer percentage was increased. The examination of nano-CaCO3 in the PP matrix using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveals that it has attained nano-dispersion. The study found that nano-CaCO3 significantly improved the deficiency brought on by the reduction in material hardness due to POE, and that improvements were made to both tensile strength and bending strength. The modification effect of activated nano-CaCO3 was significantly better than that of unactivated nano-CaCO3, and the dosage was increased by about 8 parts to maximize the effect. It’s good that the composite has been reinforced and made harder.
The PP/POE system has great all-around performance, and a number of items, particularly car bumpers with significant market potential, have been created. Normally, PP bumper special material must have a notched impact strength (room temperature) more than 500J/m, and the notched impact strength at -40°C is 50J/m. The unique material for vehicle bumpers is created using PP as the basic resin, POE as the toughening agent, and talcum powder as the reinforcing filler. The modified PP has improved flexibility, great heat resistance, low temperature resistance, and aging resistance. Its notched impact strength is as high as 723J/m and it has extremely high impact strength.
Small bulk polypropylene (PP) is changed to create unique materials for bumpers and door panels by combining it with co-polypropylene (CPP), POE, wollastonite, and other additives. The test analysis demonstrates that the PP/CPP/POE/wollastonite blend system formula design is appropriate and that the process path and parameters are accurate. The blend can completely fulfill the performance criteria of automotive bumpers when the mass ratio of PP:CPP:POE:wollastonite is 4548:2629:1922:46. When PP:CPP:POE:silicon The blend can completely fulfill the performance requirements of automotive door panels when the mass ratio of limestone is 45:50:27:29:3; 6:17; and 20.
The study discovered that POE modified PP performs more effectively overall than standard tougheners; wollastonite also has certain toughening properties, and some of them mimic short glass fibers.
Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV), which has a high application value in real manufacturing, may be made by crosslinking PP with an elastomer. In order to create TPV, POE is combined with vinyl silane, distributed in PP, and hydrolyzed. This mixture then undergoes cross-linking and has good surface characteristics. The product may be used extensively in the automobile industry and has high breaking strength and elongation at break, a wide range of Shore hardness, very little haze, utilizes POE, and is odorless.
