Photovoltaic films, also known as PV films, are among the most important components of solar energy systems because they convert sunlight into electrical energy. On the other hand, these films will eventually age, which might result in a decline in their performance as well as a reduction in the efficiency with which they generate energy. For the purpose of creating effective mitigation techniques, it is essential to have a solid understanding of the aging process of PV films. In order to give a complete and multifaceted investigation into the causes, effects, and techniques for mitigating the impacts of the aging process of photovoltaic films, the purpose of this article is to present an overview of the topic. We give a professional and detailed review of this topic by delving into a variety of areas, so casting light on this subject from a number of different perspectives.

Implications of Aging

UV light: One of the key factors that contributes to the aging of photovoltaic (PV) films is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Inducing photochemical processes, which can result in the degradation of polymer chains, lower mechanical strength, and decreased light transmission qualities, is one of the potential outcomes of ultraviolet (UV) photons.
Moisture and Humidity: The aging process of photovoltaic films can be sped up by factors such as high humidity levels and high amounts of moisture. The film is susceptible to being penetrated by water molecules, which can result in the hydrolysis of polymer chains, delamination, and the creation of conductive channels, all of which contribute to a decrease in electrical performance inside the film.

Temperature and Thermal Cycling An increase in temperature as well as thermal cycling are factors that contribute to the aging of PV film. Polymer chain scission, expansion and contraction of materials, and the production of defects are all possible outcomes of thermal stress, which ultimately leads to a reduction in the mechanical and electrical properties of the material.

Environmental Factors Pollutants, chemicals, and contaminants are examples of environmental factors that can hasten the aging process of photovoltaic (PV) films. These conditions have the potential to set off chemical reactions, oxidation, and corrosion, which ultimately result in the destruction of the material and a decrease in its performance.

The Effects of Getting Older

drop in Power production The aging of photovoltaic (PV) films can lead to a drop in power production as a consequence of lower light transmission, higher resistive losses, and decreased electrical conductivity. Over the course of the module’s lifetime, this results in a decrease in the efficiency with which energy is generated.
deterioration of the Mechanical Properties PV films can experience mechanical deterioration as they age, which can result in decreased tensile strength, increased brittleness, and decreased resistance to mechanical forces from the environment. Film cracking, delamination, and failure under mechanical loads are all possible outcomes of mechanical degradation and can occur in films.

Optoelectronic Properties: The process of aging can have a negative impact on the optoelectronic properties of photovoltaic (PV) films. Alterations in the transparency, reflectivity, and refractive index of a film can ultimately result in light scattering, greater optical losses, and lower photon absorption, all of which contribute to a reduction in the efficiency with which energy is converted.

Lifespan and Durability: The durability and lifespan of photovoltaic films are both impacted by the passage of time. The predicted lifespan of the films may be reduced as a result of accelerated aging, which may necessitate early replacements and have an effect on the economic feasibility of solar energy systems.

Strategies for Risk Reduction

When it comes to material selection, selecting photovoltaic films that have increased resistance to ultraviolet radiation, moisture, and temperature can help reduce the impacts of aging. An increase in film durability can be achieved through the utilization of materials that provide enhanced stability, such as sophisticated encapsulating materials and protective coatings.
Techniques of Encapsulation Proper encapsulation techniques, such as edge sealing, lamination, and the utilization of moisture barriers, can prevent the intrusion of moisture and external variables, thereby lowering the impacts of aging.

Anti-Aging Additives: PV films can be made more resistant to the effects of aging by using anti-aging additives, which include UV stabilizers, antioxidants, and moisture scavengers. The performance of the film can be maintained while these additives can prevent degradation processes, protect against environmental causes, and prevent degradation. COACE’S RM211A is an anti-acidification additive for EVA amination. It is mainly used for EVA photovoltaic films to improve the aging resistance and anti-acidification properties of EVA films under high and gradually high humidity conditions.

It is possible to reduce the influence of external elements on the aging process of photovoltaic (PV) film by implementing appropriate environmental control techniques. These measures include pollution control, temperature regulation, and humidity management.

In order to mitigate the effects of the aging process of photovoltaic films and to ensure the long-term performance and dependability of solar energy systems, it is vital to have a thorough understanding of the process. During the aging process, factors such as ultraviolet light, moisture, temperature, and environmental conditions all play key roles. These factors contribute to a loss in power output, mechanical degradation, and lower durability. It is possible to reduce the effects of aging and increase the lifespan of photovoltaic films by employing mitigation tactics such as the selection of materials, the use of encapsulating techniques, the addition of anti-aging additives, and environment control.